Economics in VC term sheets defines financial terms like valuation, liquidation preferences, and anti-dilution, determining payout and ownership. Control covers decision-making rights, board composition, and voting power. Balancing both ensures fair, strategic partnership.

Pre-money valuation is the value of a startup before new investment, while post-money valuation is the value after investment, including the new capital. The difference impacts ownership percentages and how much equity an investor receives for their investment.

The fully diluted post-money capitalization includes all outstanding shares plus options and convertible securities. It affects valuation by reflecting the total potential dilution and giving a clearer picture of ownership stakes after new investment.

The option pool shuffle refers to allocating a portion of shares for future hires, usually from the founder’s equity before calculating the investor’s ownership. This can dilute the founder’s stake, so understanding its size and timing is key to fair negotiation.

Outstanding SAFEs, convertible notes, and warrants can impact valuation by adding potential future shares to the total equity. They dilute current ownership and decrease the effective valuation.

Preferred stock types include non-participating (gets its payout or its share of the proceeds), participating (gets its payout plus a share of remaining proceeds), and participating with a cap (gets its payout plus a share of remaining proceeds up to a certain amount).

Liquidation preference determines the order and amount investors are paid in an exit event. It ensures preferred shareholders are paid first, up to a specified amount, before common shareholders see any returns. This can protect investor interests but may impact founder proceeds.

Voting rights are crucial for founders as they determine who has a say in key business decisions, such as fundraising, strategic changes, and exits. Ensuring balanced voting rights helps maintain founder control and aligns decision-making with the company's vision and goals.

Protective provisions give VCs the right to veto significant decisions, such as company sales or new share issuance. Understanding these provisions helps investors safeguard their interests while ensuring alignment with the founders' long-term vision.

Anti-dilution provisions shield VCs from losing value in down rounds by adjusting their equity. Understanding these terms helps investors protect their stake while fostering a fair equity distribution, maintaining alignment with founders across all funding stages.

Pay-to-play provisions require VCs to invest in future rounds to maintain their rights and avoid dilution. Understanding these terms helps investors protect their position while aligning commitment levels and ensuring ongoing support for the portfolio company's growth.

Redemption rights let VCs require a company to repurchase shares after a set period. Understanding these rights helps investors manage exit timelines and liquidity, while balancing the need for the company's financial stability and growth potential.

Registration rights allow VCs to require a company to register their shares for public sale. Understanding these rights helps investors plan exit strategies while considering the company’s readiness and the potential impact on its market debut.

Information rights give VCs access to company financials and updates. Understanding these rights helps investors ensure transparency and trust while respecting the company’s need to safeguard sensitive information and maintain operational integrity.

Pro rata rights enable VCs to maintain their ownership stake in future rounds. Understanding these rights helps investors protect their equity position while supporting the company's growth and ensuring a balanced ownership distribution over time.

Vesting schedules define how founders and employees earn their equity over time. For VCs, understanding these schedules is key to ensuring aligned incentives, retaining key talent, and protecting the company from premature equity loss due to early departures.

Rights of first refusal (ROFR) and co-sale rights let VCs buy shares before they’re sold to outsiders. For investors, understanding these rights is essential to manage equity sales, control cap table dynamics, and prevent unwanted dilution while maintaining strategic influence.

Founder-controlled boards preserve the founder’s vision, investor-controlled boards focus on investor interests, and balanced boards offer a middle ground. Understanding these dynamics ensures effective governance and alignment of incentives.

Drag-along rights enable majority shareholders to compel minority shareholders to join in a company sale. Understanding these rights helps VCs ensure smooth exits by preventing minority holdouts from blocking deals and securing full stakeholder support.